Pigment Set

Given this set of data, propose a mechanism for how the aggregation and dispersal of melanosomes occur.?

3. Some lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibians can control their color by regulating specialized pigment cells called melanophores. These cells contain small, pigmented organelles, termed melanosomes, that can be dispersed throughout the cell, making the cell darker, or aggregated in the center of the cell to make the cell lighter. You purify the melanosomes from melanophores that have either aggregated or dispersed melanosomes and find that:
1. aggregated melanosomes co-purify with dynein;
2. dispersed melanosomes co-purify with kinesin.

From the result:

Aggregated melanosomes co-purify with dynein; melanosomes uses dynein as their motor protein when they are aggregated.

Dispersed melanosomes co-purify with kinesin; melanosomes uses kinesin as their motor protein when they are dispersed.

Firstly kinesin and dynein are motor proteins that moves along microtubules. Kinesin moves along microtubules toward their plus end while dynein moves along microtubules towards their minus end.

Microtubules initiates from centrosome. The minus end is associated with the centrosome, as in the end nearest to the centrosome and the plus end is associated with the opposite end, as in the end further away from the centrosome.

Aggregation of melanosomes is brought about by dynein as it moves towards the minus end, bringing the melanosomes to the centre (therefore aggregating them).

Dispersion of the melanosomes is brought about by kinesin as it moves towards the plus end, spreading the melanosomes away from each other (therefore dispersing them).

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